Ultrasonic dual extraction combines the advantages of water extraction and alcohol extraction, and is capable of simultaneously extracting water-soluble and liposoluble components from mushrooms.
For instance, water extraction can effectively separate water-soluble components such as polysaccharides, while alcohol extraction can better extract lipopoluble components like terpenoids and triterpenoids. Thereby obtaining a more comprehensive spectrum of bioactive components.
Water extraction and alcohol extraction are two common extraction methods. They respectively use water and ethanol as solvents.
The water extraction method mainly utilizes the interaction between water and raw materials to extract the soluble components from the raw materials, while the alcohol extraction method takes advantage of the characteristics of alcohol and other organic solvents to separate the effective components from the raw materials. The following will introduce the principles, advantages and disadvantages, as well as application fields of the two extraction methods.
The principle of water extraction: Water extraction involves placing the desired extract in water and extracting it through the interaction forces between water molecules and their molecules.
Advantages:
① Simple operation and easy to control the extraction process;
② Water is a safe, inexpensive and readily available solvent that has no impact on plants and is easy to recycle and handle.
③ Most of the extracts are water-soluble compounds, and the extraction efficiency is relatively high.
Disadvantages:
① Raw materials with a low content of water-soluble compounds are not suitable for water extraction;
② It may cause microbial contamination;
③ Water extraction may lead to the loss of proteins and other macromolecules, affecting the activity of the extract. The application fields of water extraction: Water extraction is suitable for extracting water-soluble active components from plant materials such as tea, Chinese herbal medicines, fruits and vegetables, such as polyphenols and flavonoids.
The principle of alcohol extraction: Alcohol extraction involves placing the desired extract in an alcohol or other alcohol solution and extracting it through the interaction forces between alcohol molecules and their intermolecules.
Advantages:
① Alcohol solvents are not only easy to recover, but also can dissolve some organic compounds that are not easily soluble in water;
② The alcohol extraction process does not lead to losses such as protein decomposition, and the activity of the extract is relatively high.
③ Alcohol extraction is suitable for extracting some volatile compounds.
Disadvantages :
① Alcohol solvents are relatively expensive; Alcohols can have an impact on plants and are not suitable for some extracts with special requirements. Alcohol solvents are flammable, and safety precautions should be taken during operation. The application fields of alcohol extraction: Alcohol extraction is suitable for extracting organic compounds that are not easily soluble in water, such as oils, fats, pigments, and fragrances, like tea oil, anthocyanins, and vanilla.
The application scopes of water extraction and alcohol extraction are slightly different, but they are almost widespread in many fields such as traditional Chinese medicine, medicine, health products, and food. The extraction method needs to be selected based on the actual situation.