1.Ultrasonic extraction of matsutake polysaccharide working principle
Ultrasonic extraction is a kind of extraction technology that uses the cavitation effect and high frequency vibration of ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dissolution and release of natural active ingredients. In the process of extracting matsutake polysaccharides, ultrasonic technology can significantly improve the extraction rate and extraction efficiency of polysaccharides. Pre-treatment of matsutake mushroom substrates, including cleaning, drying and pulverizing, is needed first to increase the contact area during the extraction process. The pretreated matsutake powder was mixed with solvent and then subjected to ultrasonic treatment. The cavitation effect of ultrasound creates tiny air bubbles which, when collapsed, form a strong shock wave that helps to break down the cell walls and release the polysaccharide components. At the end of ultrasonic treatment, post-processing steps such as filtration, concentration and drying of the extract are usually required to obtain a crude extract of matsutake polysaccharides. Further separation and purification are required to further purify and concentrate the polysaccharides by alcoholysis and dialysis.
2. Why choose ultrasonic extraction of matsutake mushroom polysaccharides?
The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can destroy the cell wall, making the intracellular polysaccharides more easily dissolved.
The mechanical shear effect of ultrasonic waves can accelerate the diffusion of the active ingredient.
Ultrasonic extraction can reduce the amount of solvent, reduce the viscosity of the extraction solution.
Ultrasonic extraction of chemical solvents are harmless.
Conditions of ultrasonic extraction of matsutake polysaccharide: material-liquid ratio: 1:15, extraction temperature: 50℃, ultrasonic treatment time: 40min, ultrasonic power: 60W.
3. Ultrasonic extraction principle:
ultrasonic extraction method is the use of ultrasound cavitation, mechanical and thermal effects to accelerate the release of intracellular active substances, diffusion and dissolution, significantly improve the extraction efficiency of the extraction method. The main theoretical basis for ultrasonic extraction is the cavitation effect, thermal effect and mechanical effect of ultrasound. When the large energy of ultrasound in the medium, the medium is torn into many small cavities, these small cavities closed instantly, and produce up to a few thousand atmospheric pressure of the instantaneous pressure, that is, the cavitation phenomenon. Ultrasonic cavitation in the bursting of tiny bubbles will produce great pressure, so that the rupture of the plant cell wall and the whole organism is completed in an instant, shortening the crushing time, while the vibration effect produced by the ultrasonic waves to enhance the release of intracellular substances, diffusion and dissolution, thereby significantly improving the extraction efficiency.
4. Principle of Supercritical Extraction:
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (Supercritical Fluid Extraction) is a separation and purification technology using supercritical fluid as the extraction solvent, utilizing the solvency of supercritical fluid depends on the characteristics of extraction pressure and temperature. Supercritical extraction includes two processes of extraction and separation, which can prevent the oxidation and escape of heat-sensitive substances, and has the advantages of simple process, clean and environmentally friendly, fast extraction speed, etc. It is widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, spices and chemicals.
5. Principle of subcritical extraction:
subcritical extraction, also known as subcritical fluid extraction technology, is a use of subcritical fluid as an extractant, in a closed, oxygen-free, low-pressure pressure vessel, based on the principle of similar organic solubility, through the extraction of materials and extractant in the immersion process of molecular diffusion, to achieve the solid material in the fat-soluble components transferred to the liquid extractant, and then through the decompression of the evaporation process Separate the extractant from the target product, and finally get a new type of extraction and separation technology of the target product.
6. Extractants and Materials for Ultrasonic Extraction:
Extractants: Ethanol, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, Benzene, Butanone, n-Butanol
Materials: Herbal Medicine, Oil, Sugar, Fruits and Vegetables, Tea, Grain Processing Wine Processing Pollution-Free Agricultural Products Detection Bio-Pharmaceuticals Chemical Industry Environmental Protection Fields.
7. Extractants and Materials for Supercritical Extraction:
Extractants: Carbon Dioxide
Materials: Vegetable Oils, Volatile Oils, Spices, Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foods Additives, coffee beans and tea caffeine extraction, pigments and natural flavor components, vitamins, natural medicines, pesticide residue analysis.
8. Subcritical extraction of extractants and materials:
Extractants: butane, propane, dimethyl ether, tetrafluoroethane, ethanol
Materials: natural product extraction, natural pigments, plant essential oils, spice oils, Chinese herbs, animal oils Cosmetic industry.
9. Comparison of the similarities and differences of the three types of extraction:
Similarities: all three techniques can improve the extraction efficiency, shorten the extraction time, compared with the traditional extraction methods can be more effective in the extraction of the target components from the raw materials; they all minimize or avoid the use of hazardous solvents, environmentally friendly, in line with the principles of green chemistry; all three techniques can be used for a variety of substances extracted, including traditional Chinese medicines, food ingredients, natural products etc.
Differences:
Working principle:
Ultrasonic extraction: the use of ultrasonic cavitation to produce microscopically powerful shock waves to accelerate the leaching and extraction of active ingredients.
Supercritical extraction: using the special physicochemical properties of supercritical fluids (such as carbon dioxide) at high temperatures and high pressures to improve the solubility, so as to extract the active ingredients.
Subcritical extraction: using subcritical fluids (e.g., propane, butane, etc.) at temperatures below their critical points for extraction, combined with decompression evaporation to separate the target product.
Extraction conditions:
Ultrasonic extraction: usually carried out at ambient temperatures and pressures, and the extraction efficiency is improved by the mechanical effect of ultrasound.
Supercritical extraction: it needs to be carried out under the conditions of higher than critical temperature and critical pressure, which requires higher requirements for the equipment. Subcritical extraction: below the critical temperature but higher than the boiling point of the temperature, the temperature control is more critical.
Applicability:
Ultrasonic extraction: applicable to most Chinese herbal medicines and food ingredients, especially suitable for heat-sensitive ingredients.
Supercritical extraction: especially suitable for heat-sensitive and easily oxidized components, such as spices, oils and fats.
Subcritical extraction: suitable for the extraction of fat-soluble components, such as animal and plant oils, essential oils, etc., and has a certain degree of extraction selectivity.
Cost and equipment:
Ultrasonic extraction: relatively simple equipment, low operating costs, easy maintenance. Supercritical extraction: higher investment in equipment, high operating pressure, and high safety requirements.
Subcritical extraction: relatively low investment and production costs, easy to realize large-scale production.
1.Ultrasonic extraction of matsutake polysaccharide working principle
Ultrasonic extraction is a kind of extraction technology that uses the cavitation effect and high frequency vibration of ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dissolution and release of natural active ingredients. In the process of extracting matsutake polysaccharides, ultrasonic technology can significantly improve the extraction rate and extraction efficiency of polysaccharides. Pre-treatment of matsutake mushroom substrates, including cleaning, drying and pulverizing, is needed first to increase the contact area during the extraction process. The pretreated matsutake powder was mixed with solvent and then subjected to ultrasonic treatment. The cavitation effect of ultrasound creates tiny air bubbles which, when collapsed, form a strong shock wave that helps to break down the cell walls and release the polysaccharide components. At the end of ultrasonic treatment, post-processing steps such as filtration, concentration and drying of the extract are usually required to obtain a crude extract of matsutake polysaccharides. Further separation and purification are required to further purify and concentrate the polysaccharides by alcoholysis and dialysis.
2. Why choose ultrasonic extraction of matsutake mushroom polysaccharides?
The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can destroy the cell wall, making the intracellular polysaccharides more easily dissolved.
The mechanical shear effect of ultrasonic waves can accelerate the diffusion of the active ingredient.
Ultrasonic extraction can reduce the amount of solvent, reduce the viscosity of the extraction solution.
Ultrasonic extraction of chemical solvents are harmless.
Conditions of ultrasonic extraction of matsutake polysaccharide: material-liquid ratio: 1:15, extraction temperature: 50℃, ultrasonic treatment time: 40min, ultrasonic power: 60W.
3. Ultrasonic extraction principle:
ultrasonic extraction method is the use of ultrasound cavitation, mechanical and thermal effects to accelerate the release of intracellular active substances, diffusion and dissolution, significantly improve the extraction efficiency of the extraction method. The main theoretical basis for ultrasonic extraction is the cavitation effect, thermal effect and mechanical effect of ultrasound. When the large energy of ultrasound in the medium, the medium is torn into many small cavities, these small cavities closed instantly, and produce up to a few thousand atmospheric pressure of the instantaneous pressure, that is, the cavitation phenomenon. Ultrasonic cavitation in the bursting of tiny bubbles will produce great pressure, so that the rupture of the plant cell wall and the whole organism is completed in an instant, shortening the crushing time, while the vibration effect produced by the ultrasonic waves to enhance the release of intracellular substances, diffusion and dissolution, thereby significantly improving the extraction efficiency.
4. Principle of Supercritical Extraction:
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (Supercritical Fluid Extraction) is a separation and purification technology using supercritical fluid as the extraction solvent, utilizing the solvency of supercritical fluid depends on the characteristics of extraction pressure and temperature. Supercritical extraction includes two processes of extraction and separation, which can prevent the oxidation and escape of heat-sensitive substances, and has the advantages of simple process, clean and environmentally friendly, fast extraction speed, etc. It is widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, spices and chemicals.
5. Principle of subcritical extraction:
subcritical extraction, also known as subcritical fluid extraction technology, is a use of subcritical fluid as an extractant, in a closed, oxygen-free, low-pressure pressure vessel, based on the principle of similar organic solubility, through the extraction of materials and extractant in the immersion process of molecular diffusion, to achieve the solid material in the fat-soluble components transferred to the liquid extractant, and then through the decompression of the evaporation process Separate the extractant from the target product, and finally get a new type of extraction and separation technology of the target product.
6. Extractants and Materials for Ultrasonic Extraction:
Extractants: Ethanol, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, Benzene, Butanone, n-Butanol
Materials: Herbal Medicine, Oil, Sugar, Fruits and Vegetables, Tea, Grain Processing Wine Processing Pollution-Free Agricultural Products Detection Bio-Pharmaceuticals Chemical Industry Environmental Protection Fields.
7. Extractants and Materials for Supercritical Extraction:
Extractants: Carbon Dioxide
Materials: Vegetable Oils, Volatile Oils, Spices, Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foods Additives, coffee beans and tea caffeine extraction, pigments and natural flavor components, vitamins, natural medicines, pesticide residue analysis.
8. Subcritical extraction of extractants and materials:
Extractants: butane, propane, dimethyl ether, tetrafluoroethane, ethanol
Materials: natural product extraction, natural pigments, plant essential oils, spice oils, Chinese herbs, animal oils Cosmetic industry.
9. Comparison of the similarities and differences of the three types of extraction:
Similarities: all three techniques can improve the extraction efficiency, shorten the extraction time, compared with the traditional extraction methods can be more effective in the extraction of the target components from the raw materials; they all minimize or avoid the use of hazardous solvents, environmentally friendly, in line with the principles of green chemistry; all three techniques can be used for a variety of substances extracted, including traditional Chinese medicines, food ingredients, natural products etc.
Differences:
Working principle:
Ultrasonic extraction: the use of ultrasonic cavitation to produce microscopically powerful shock waves to accelerate the leaching and extraction of active ingredients.
Supercritical extraction: using the special physicochemical properties of supercritical fluids (such as carbon dioxide) at high temperatures and high pressures to improve the solubility, so as to extract the active ingredients.
Subcritical extraction: using subcritical fluids (e.g., propane, butane, etc.) at temperatures below their critical points for extraction, combined with decompression evaporation to separate the target product.
Extraction conditions:
Ultrasonic extraction: usually carried out at ambient temperatures and pressures, and the extraction efficiency is improved by the mechanical effect of ultrasound.
Supercritical extraction: it needs to be carried out under the conditions of higher than critical temperature and critical pressure, which requires higher requirements for the equipment. Subcritical extraction: below the critical temperature but higher than the boiling point of the temperature, the temperature control is more critical.
Applicability:
Ultrasonic extraction: applicable to most Chinese herbal medicines and food ingredients, especially suitable for heat-sensitive ingredients.
Supercritical extraction: especially suitable for heat-sensitive and easily oxidized components, such as spices, oils and fats.
Subcritical extraction: suitable for the extraction of fat-soluble components, such as animal and plant oils, essential oils, etc., and has a certain degree of extraction selectivity.
Cost and equipment:
Ultrasonic extraction: relatively simple equipment, low operating costs, easy maintenance. Supercritical extraction: higher investment in equipment, high operating pressure, and high safety requirements.
Subcritical extraction: relatively low investment and production costs, easy to realize large-scale production.